Waveguide fixed attenuators are passive fixed attenuation components in microwave/millimeter-wave systems. They convert electromagnetic wave energy into thermal energy through built-in absorbing materials to achieve accurate, stable, and non-adjustable power attenuation, serving as core elements for signal level control, protection, matching, and calibration in high-frequency systems.
Core Working Principle
Absorptive Attenuation: Absorbing materials such as silicon carbide (SiC), ferrite, and resistive thin films are embedded inside the waveguide cavity. These materials interact with the electric field of electromagnetic waves to generate I²R loss, dissipating excess power as heat.
Low VSWR Design: Optimized absorber structure ensures impedance matching, reduces reflection, and maintains a low voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).
